You generally see two different approaches to Virtual Machine Monitor design depending on the workload. The first is strict minimalism, seen in projects like Firecracker. Built specifically for running thousands of tiny, short-lived functions on a single server, it intentionally leaves out complex features like hot-plugging CPUs or passing through physical GPUs. The goal is simply the smallest possible attack surface and memory footprint.
Segmentation maps a logical address (a 16-bit selector plus a 32-bit offset) to a 32-bit linear address, enforcing privilege and limit checks along the way. Paging then translates that linear address to a physical address, adding a second layer of User/Supervisor and Read/Write protection. The two layers are independent: segmentation is always active in protected mode, while paging is optional (controlled by CR0.PG).
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list that page URL in the Well-Known URL for Relying Party Passkey Endpoints (prfUsageDetails)
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